If you’ve been told you need a root canal treatment or ‘root canal’ as it is commonly called (so for the context of this blog, we’re going to refer to it as ‘root canal’), you might be feeling anxious or unsure about what to expect. You’re not alone. Root canal treatment has a long-standing reputation for being painful, but thanks to modern dentistry, it’s now a routine, safe, and painless procedure that can save your natural tooth.
In this post, we’ll cover everything you need to know about a root canal — what it is, why it’s needed, how it works, and what recovery looks like.
What Is a Root Canal?
A root canal is a dental procedure used to treat infection or damage inside a tooth. At the center of every tooth is soft tissue called the pulp, which contains nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. When this pulp becomes inflamed or infected — usually due to deep decay, cracks, trauma, or repeated dental procedures — a root canal is performed to remove the damaged pulp, disinfect the inside of the tooth, and seal it.
When Is a Root Canal Needed?
You may need a root canal if you’re experiencing any of the following:
Persistent or severe tooth pain
Prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold
Pain when chewing or biting
Swollen or tender gums near the tooth
Darkening or discoloration of the tooth
A recurring pimple or abscess on the gums
If left untreated, an infected tooth can lead to serious complications — including bone loss, abscesses, and even tooth loss.
What Happens During the Procedure?
A root canal typically involves the following steps:
clinical examination and X-ray: Your dentist or endodontist will clinically see the tooth and its surrounding structures for any unusual changes and the amount of damage, and take X-rays to assess the extent of damage in the tooth or the surrounding hard tissues i.e. bone.
Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is used to numb the area — and with a successful local anesthesia, most patients say the procedure is no more painful than getting a filling.
Pulp Removal: A small opening is made in the crown of the tooth to access and remove the damaged pulp.
Cleaning and Shaping: The canals inside the tooth are cleaned, disinfected, and shaped to prepare for filling.
Filling: The cleaned canals are filled with a rubber-like material (gutta-percha) to seal them and prevent reinfection.
Restoration: After healing, a filling or crown is placed to protect and restore the tooth’s function.
Is It Painful?
This is one of the biggest myths. but if you want to know the answer, refer to my previous detailed blog.
How Long Does It Take?
Most root canals can be completed in 1 to 2 appointments, depending on the tooth’s condition. Molars, which have more canals, may take longer than front teeth.
What Happens After the Root Canal?
You may feel some tenderness or sensitivity for a few days.
Avoid chewing on the treated side until the permanent restoration (usually a crown) is placed.
Follow your dentist’s care instructions and return for follow-up visits.
With proper care, a root canal-treated tooth can last a lifetime.
For post root canal expectations and care see my next blog.
Root Canal vs. Extraction: Why Save the Tooth?
While extracting a damaged tooth is an option, saving your natural tooth has many advantages:
Maintains natural appearance and chewing ability
Prevents other teeth from shifting
Preserves jawbone health
Often less costly in the long term than replacing the tooth with implants or bridges
How to Prevent Needing a Root Canal
as a common saying ‘prevention is better than cure’, so:
Practice good oral hygiene: brush twice a day, floss daily
Avoid sugary foods and drinks
See your dentist regularly for checkups and cleanings
Wear a mouthguard if you grind your teeth or play contact sports
Final Thoughts
A root canal doesn’t have to be a source of fear or anxiety. In fact, it’s one of the most effective ways to relieve dental pain and save your natural tooth. Thanks to advances in dental care, the process is quicker, more comfortable, and more successful than ever before.
If you’re experiencing tooth pain or have questions about your dental health, don’t wait — talk to your dentist today. The sooner you act, the better your chances of keeping your smile healthy for years to come.